Saying that the television was invented by one person is probably not entirely true. The mind, knowledge and experience of dozens of scientists and engineers from around the world are invested in this business. These are Topov, Tesla, Marconi and other engineers and researchers who invented and worked out the use of radio waves in communication. It is impossible not to note the development of the American Sawyer and the Frenchman Maurice, who developed the fundamental principle of television - the transmission of pictures at a distance.
But at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, there simply were no technologies and equipment that could be used to put these ideas into practice.
In those ancient times, only mechanical means could be used and primacy in resolving this issue belongs to Paul Nipkov, an engineer from Germany. He offered attention to the public, what we call an electromechanical television. He developed a device that converted a picture into a set of electrical signals. By the way, they were mass-produced until the mid-thirties of the last century.
The next step was brought by his fellow countryman Brown, he received a patent for a glass tube, which served as a prototype of the cathode ray tube. M. Dickman, a student of Brown, used the handset for practical purposes, and showed the public a device with a rather small screen. An intermediate point, put the British Brad, showing the world's first television receiver, which contained all the usual components, but worked without sound.
The first broadcasts of electromechanical television were carried out in the 20s of the 20th century.
What did the first TV look like?
To show the programs, the first television set was used, which was wooden box. A magnifying glass was built into the front panel, which allowed you to view the transmitted picture. The number of lines in the picture contained from 30 to 120 periodOf course, from the point of view of our time, it is impossible to talk about some quality of signal transmission.
Mechanical tv
German inventor Paul Nipkov invented the disk on which holes were applied. They were arranged in a spiral. With its rotation, it became possible to scan images line by line, and convert them into signals that were transmitted to the receiver.
Who created the first television receiver in the Soviet Union?
Signal Soviet the device was designed in the then Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, at an enterprise called the Comintern. At the heart of his action was the same Nipkova disk. In fact, it was a set-top box, not equipped with its own radio receiver, the set-top box required connection to an ordinary radio receiver. To receive sound, it was necessary to use another radio receiver.
The first Soviet television set was equipped with a screen with dimensions of 3 * 4 cm. In order to be able to consider what was happening on it, a powerful magnifier was included in the TV set. In the thirties of the twentieth century, 3 thousand such devices were produced. By the way, an interesting fact, at the same time, home-made design and manufacture of television receivers was widespread, which made it possible to receive not only domestic broadcasts, but also foreign ones.
Who and when created the first color TV?
Engineering thought does not stand still and experiments on the translation of color solutions were undertaken even while the development of mechanical television was going on. The first inventions to help solve this problem. In particular, the technology of signal decomposition using a moving prism, its author Jan Shchepanik, was patented. Hovhannes Adamyan, who was involved in the creation of two-color television, made a significant contribution.
It should be recalled that these works were carried out at the very end of the 19th century. At the same time, Russian researcher Polumordvinov filed a patent for color translation with the help of a mechanical scanner. But in spite of the activity of researchers, real-life samples were not created until the end of the thirties. The first color transmission took place in Glasgow.
It was held by the founder of mechanical television, Baird. This translation was based on the method of alternating translation of the three primary colors. The Nipkova disk was used for transmission, with three rows of spiral holes that were covered with red, green and blue filters.
A device was installed on the receiver that synthesized the image using the same discs. A test run of color television was held in 1938. It must be understood that such a television system was imperfect and did not receive mass development.
The history and evolution of TVs
Despite all the efforts of scientists and engineers, television was not widespread. This was primarily due to the fact that the equipment was notable for its difficult operation and high cost.
Television became widespread after the invention of the kinescope. This invention belongs to A. Zvorykin, who immigrated to the United States from Russia, after the October Revolution. In 1933, he invented a cathode ray tube, he called it an ionoscope. We call it a cinema scope, and it has become the basis of modern electronic television.
During World War II, it was not up to television, but in the United States, some companies mastered the serial production of receivers, and at the same time the television network was developing. Antennas and television stations were erected in droves. The speed of television in the United States can be judged by two figures. In 1946, out of a hundred families living in the USA, five already had television sets, but already in 1962, television sets were installed in 90% of families.
In Europe and the USSR, which were almost destroyed by World War II, the development of television was much slower.
1950-1960 manufacturing companies mastered the production of models with screens of 7-10 inches. In those years, the basics of color signal translation were determined. In the United States mastered the production of non-ferrous products. They began to be equipped with remote controls, but the truth in those days, he was connected to the TV with a cable. The release of these devices has mastered and other companies located around the globe. Even Japan, almost completely destroyed by the war, made its own apparatus.
1960-1970 receivers of television signals were improved. Initially, they were made on electric lamps, the appearance of semiconductor devices led to the fact that television sets began to be manufactured using semiconductor devices. Monitor sizes have grown to 25.
1970-1980 during this period, the production of products with a black and white picture was curtailed, the interests of manufacturers, were directed to the technological part, but also to the appearance of the device.
1980-1990 especially television receivers did not change, the developers set up experiments with the appearance, made wearable receivers of the body signal. From the technological side, there was a transition from semiconductor elements to microassemblies and microcircuits. Cases of television sets are made of polymer materials.
1990-2000 - the list of manufacturers of television signal receivers is reduced, this is affected by a decrease in demand from buyers and the filling of the home appliance market with television receivers.
Their cases began to be made of plastic, this led to a significant reduction in the weight of the product
The user got the opportunity to fully control television receivers using remotes that worked on the principles of infrared radiation.
2000-2010 The development of technology at the beginning of the XXI century led to the appearance of flat monitors, which are manufactured using plasma technology. The advent of these technologies made it possible to organize the production of flat LCD television sets. By the end of this period of time, the production of television receivers with CRTs was terminated. The key manufacturers were producing only LCD or plasma monitors.
2010-2015 production of plasma television sets was curtailed, only LCD TVs are produced, screen backlighting is carried out by diodes. Teleceivers transformed into computer equipment, have the ability to use Internet resources. They can become part of a home LAN. Launched production that does not require external highlighting OLED television receivers and quantum dots. If in 2010 TV sets with HD and Full HD monitors were mainly manufactured, then in 2015, more than 50% of television sets have UHD resolution. Leading companies have begun production of television receivers with curved monitors measuring about 100 ".
In the same years, 3D TVs were developed and put into serial production.. It allowed the viewer to show volumetric images following the example of 3D cinemas. Nowadays, many companies continue to conduct research to improve this technology, without using any additional equipment, for example without stereo glasses.
In practice, they are used in technologies that allow providing 3D images on the monitors of television sets active and passive. The first divides the picture into two, and completely different. To view the image will require the use of special glasses. Image decomposition is carried out using polarization. Each line has its own frequency, which is filtered out by the points used. That is, everyone sees his picture, which as a result leads to the formation of a three-dimensional image.
Active technology implies the presence of an IR sensor that sends a signal to glasses that have the same sensor. All 1080 lines of the picture are fed to the glasses. Following the signals transmitted from the television, the microcomputer closes / opens the lenses. Therefore, technology is called active. The opening speed of the closing is so high that the eye does not have time to replace it. Since each eye receives its own image, the brain is already creating a 3D image.
In the course of the development of television technology, it became clear that among the reasons that imposed certain restrictions on the quality of the picture on the TV screen, it is necessary to name the poor protection of the TV signal.
You can improve its quality only when switching from analogue to digital signal. The improvement of television receivers is aimed at the use of signal management and control methods.
Most advanced economies have long switched to digital signals. Now this process has affected our country. The transition to the digit was determined by the decision of the government and it should be noted that in many regions of the country it has already been introduced.
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